Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Earth is a dynamic planet undergoing continuous changes driven by two primary types of forces: Endogenic forces (internal) which originate from within the Earth, and Exogenic forces (external) which operate on the surface.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The ground is not static. The Earth is in constant motion due to planetary movements (rotation and revolution) and geological movements (plate tectonics). The lithospheric plates are continuously moving, causing the continents and ocean floors to shift positions over geological time.
- Statement 2 is Correct: External processes, known as exogenic processes, are responsible for the continuous wearing down (degradation) and filling up (aggradation) of the Earth's surface. These processes are carried out by geomorphic agents such as running water, wind, glaciers (ice), and sea waves.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Internal processes, known as endogenic processes, generate forces from within the Earth. These forces result in upliftment and sinking (subsidence) of the Earth's surface, leading to the formation of major relief features like mountains, plateaus, and trenches.
Key Takeaway
Endogenic forces act as land-building forces creating relief through upliftment and subsidence, whereas Exogenic forces act as land-wearing forces that modify the landscape through erosion and deposition.