The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Vermicomposting is a biological process used in solid waste management where specific species of earthworms are utilized to convert organic waste into nutrient-rich compost (vermicast).
- Statement 1 is Correct: Vermicomposting is a method of preparing compost specifically with the help of redworms (such as Eisenia fetida). These worms consume organic matter and excrete it as digested material rich in nutrients.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Redworms are living biological organisms (earthworms), not chemical agents. They act as biological agents that accelerate the decomposition process through digestion and fragmentation of waste.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: This method does not require chemical fertilizers. In fact, the addition of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or strong salts is detrimental as it can kill the worms and disrupt the microbial environment necessary for composting. It is a strictly organic process.
Key Takeaway: Vermicomposting is a natural, biological method of recycling organic solid waste using earthworms (redworms) to produce high-quality manure without the application of synthetic chemicals.