It utilizes earthworms to accelerate decomposition.
Explanation
Vermicomposting is a biological process in which earthworms are used to convert organic waste into a nutrient-rich material known as vermicompost or worm castings. It differs from traditional composting primarily in the biological agents and temperature conditions involved.
Analysis of Options:
- It requires high temperatures. is incorrect: Vermicomposting is a mesophilic process, meaning it operates at moderate temperatures (usually between 10°C and 32°C). High temperatures, which are characteristic of the thermophilic phase in traditional composting, would kill the earthworms.
- It utilizes earthworms to accelerate decomposition. is correct: The defining characteristic of vermicomposting is the utilization of specific species of earthworms (such as Eisenia fetida or Eudrilus eugeniae) to consume and break down organic matter, thereby accelerating the decomposition process compared to natural decay.
- It is an anaerobic process. is incorrect: Vermicomposting is an aerobic process. Earthworms require oxygen to survive and function; therefore, proper aeration is essential for the process to work effectively and to prevent foul odours associated with anaerobic decomposition.
- It is suitable only for industrial waste. is incorrect: Vermicomposting is designed for biodegradable organic waste (such as kitchen scraps, agricultural residues, and manure). It is not suitable for treating hazardous industrial waste, chemicals, or non-biodegradable materials.
Key Takeaway:
Vermicomposting is an aerobic, mesophilic method of solid waste management that relies specifically on earthworms to enhance the decomposition of organic matter, distinguishing it from high-temperature (thermophilic) traditional composting.