The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Tropical Deciduous Forests are the most widespread forests in India, often referred to as Monsoon Forests. They are classified into two types based on water availability: Moist Deciduous and Dry Deciduous. These forests shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in dry summer.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests are found in regions recording rainfall between 100 cm and 200 cm. In contrast, Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests are found in areas having rainfall between 70 cm and 100 cm.
- Statement 2 is Correct: These forests are distributed in the northeastern states, along the foothills of the Himalayas, and specifically on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Odisha. They are not absent in the eastern slopes; rather, they occupy the zone where rainfall is moderate compared to the heavy rainfall on the western slopes (which support Evergreen forests).
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Teak and Sal are the most dominant and commercially significant species of Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests. Other common trees include Shisham, Hurra, Mahua, Amla, Semul, Kusum, and Sandalwood. Cactus and other succulent plants are characteristic of Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs, found in regions with less than 50 cm of rainfall.
Key Takeaway:
Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests require 100-200 cm of rainfall and are characterized by valuable timber species like Teak and Sal. They are found along the foothills of the Himalayas and the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.