The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
The post-Mauryan period witnessed the rise of several regional dynasties in North and Peninsular India. Unlike the Mauryas, who were often associated with heterodox sects, many of these succeeding dynasties, such as the Shungas, Kanvas, and Satavahanas, were closely linked to the resurgence of Brahmanical social orders and claimed Brahmanical origins.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect.
The Shungas and Kanvas were not of Kshatriya origin; they were Brahmins. Pushyamitra Shunga, the founder of the Shunga dynasty, was a Brahmin general who assassinated the last Mauryan ruler. Similarly, the Kanva dynasty, founded by Vasudeva Kanva, was also of Brahmanical origin. These dynasties are often cited as examples of the Brahmanical reaction against the Mauryan patronage of Buddhism and the rise of Brahmins to political power.
- Statement 2 is Correct.
The Satavahana ruler Gautamiputra Satakarni (Gotami-puta Siri-Satakani) is famously described in the Nasik Prasasti (inscription) composed by his mother, Gautami Balashri. In this inscription, he is referred to as eka bamhana (the unique or only Brahmin) and is credited with being the destroyer of the pride and arrogance of the Kshatriyas (khatiya-dapa-manamada). He also claimed to have stopped the contamination of the four varnas (vinivatita-chaturvarna-sankara).
Key Takeaway:
The Shungas and Kanvas were Brahmin dynasties that succeeded the Mauryas in the north. Gautamiputra Satakarni of the Satavahana dynasty championed Brahmanism, calling himself the "Unique Brahmin" and the destroyer of Kshatriya pride.