The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The decline of the Mauryan Empire in the 2nd century BCE led to the rise of new ruling dynasties in Magadha. This period is characterized by the assertion of Brahminical dynasties in Northern India.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Shungas were the immediate successors of the Mauryas in Magadha. Pushyamitra Shunga, the commander-in-chief of the last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha, assassinated him around 185 BCE and established the Shunga dynasty. The Kanva dynasty subsequently succeeded the Shungas in Magadha.
Statement 2 is Correct: Both the Shungas and the Kanvas were Brahmins, not Kshatriyas. The Shungas belonged to the Bharadwaja clan, marking a significant shift where Brahmins took over the throne. Similarly, the Kanva dynasty, founded by Vasudeva Kanva, was also of Brahmin origin.
Key Takeaway: The post-Mauryan period in Magadha witnessed a Brahminical reaction and rule, with both the Shunga and Kanva dynasties belonging to the Brahmin varna.