The correct option is (a) 1 only
Explanation
The Revolt of 1857 was triggered not just by political or economic grievances but also by deep-seated socio-religious fears. Rumours and prophecies played a crucial role in mobilizing the sepoys and the common people, creating a collective panic that the British government was determined to destroy the caste and religion of Indians.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: During the months leading up to the revolt, there was a widespread rumour in the cantonments and towns that the British had mixed the bone dust of cows and pigs into the flour (atta) sold in the market. This rumour, alongside the issue of greased cartridges, reinforced the belief that the British were attempting to defile the caste and religion of both Hindus and Muslims.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Vishnubhatt Godse, a Brahmin from a village in Maharashtra, wrote a travelogue titled Majha Pravas. In this text, he recorded that he met sepoys who told him that the British were determined to wipe out the religions of Hindus and Muslims. According to his account, the sepoys claimed the British had formulated a list of 84 rules to enforce this, which caused significant unrest among Indian kings and soldiers. He did not write that the British had no intention of interfering; rather, his account highlights the prevailing belief that they intended to enforce religious conversion or defilement.
Key Takeaway
Rumours regarding the defilement of caste-such as the use of cow and pig fat in cartridges and bone dust in flour-acted as immediate triggers for the Revolt of 1857 by creating a mass psychology of fear regarding religious identity.