The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The process of transpiration, a vital component of the hydrological cycle where plants release water vapour into the atmosphere through stomata present on their leaves.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. While plants absorb a significant amount of water from the soil through their roots, they do not retain all of it. Only a very small fraction (often less than 5%) is utilized for photosynthesis and growth. The vast majority of the absorbed water is released back into the air as water vapour through the process of transpiration.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Plants release a large quantity of water relative to the biomass or yield they produce. For instance, scientific data indicates that to produce 1 kilogram of wheat, wheat plants release approximately 500 litres of water into the atmosphere. This demonstrates the significant volume of water cycled by crops.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Large-scale vegetation covers, such as forests and grasslands, play a critical role in the water cycle. Through evapotranspiration, they release massive amounts of water vapour into the atmosphere. This moisture contributes to humidity, cloud formation, and subsequent precipitation.
Key Takeaway:
Transpiration is the process by which plants release excess water as vapour into the atmosphere, significantly contributing to the global water cycle and local climate regulation.