The correct Answer is 1 and 2 only
Explanation
The question pertains to the characteristics of paintings and sculptures found at various sites associated with the Pallava period in South India, requiring knowledge of specific artistic depictions and their locations.
Statement-wise Analysis
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Statement 1: Panamalai - Female divinity drawn gracefully
Correct. The temple at Panamalai, built by Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha), contains remnants of paintings. One notable painting depicts a graceful female divinity, possibly Parvati, standing with a slight bend, holding a lotus in her right hand.
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Statement 2: Kanchipuram - Depiction of Somaskanda
Correct. The Kailasanathar Temple at Kanchipuram, also built by Rajasimha, features numerous sculptures and paintings. Among the significant depictions are those of Somaskanda, representing Shiva with Uma (Parvati) and Skanda (Kartikeya).
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Statement 3: Mandagapattu - Paintings of dancing celestial nymphs
Incorrect. Mandagapattu is known for its rock-cut cave temple, which is considered the earliest Pallava cave temple, attributed to Mahendravarman I. While it is an important architectural site, it is primarily known for its inscription identifying Mahendravarman I as 'Vichitrachitta' and for being the first rock-cut temple without brick, timber, metal, or mortar. It does not prominently feature paintings of dancing celestial nymphs; such elaborate painted depictions are more characteristic of later periods or other sites.
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Statement 4: Sittanavasal - Jaina caves with vermilion red paintings
Incorrect. Sittanavasal is indeed a significant site for Jaina cave paintings, and it belongs to the Pandya period, not the Pallava period. The paintings at Sittanavasal are famous for their frescoes, including a lotus pond scene, dancing figures, and celestial nymphs. While red colours are used, the defining characteristic is not solely "vermilion red paintings" but the overall fresco technique and Jaina themes. Crucially, its association is with the Pandyas, not the Pallavas.
Key Takeaway
Pallava period art is characterized by specific iconographic representations and architectural styles at sites like Panamalai and Kanchipuram, while other sites like Mandagapattu and Sittanavasal have distinct features and chronological associations.