It was erected by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka.
Explanation
The Mehrauli Iron Pillar, located in the Qutub Minar complex in Delhi, is a renowned archaeological artifact that exemplifies the advanced metallurgical knowledge of ancient India, specifically belonging to the Gupta period.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement It is made of pure iron. is Correct: The pillar is composed of wrought iron with a very high purity level (approximately 98%). Its unique composition, particularly the high phosphorus content and formation of a protective passive film (misawite), has prevented it from rusting for over 1,600 years.
- Statement It stands approximately 7.2 metres high. is Correct: The total height of the pillar is approximately 7.2 metres (23 feet 8 inches), of which about 1.1 metres is underground.
- Statement It was erected by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka. is Incorrect: The pillar was not erected by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka. Ashoka is famous for his monolithic stone pillars and edicts. The Iron Pillar belongs to the Gupta period (4th–5th century CE), constructed centuries after the Mauryan Empire.
- Statement It bears an inscription mentioning a ruler named Chandra. is Correct: The pillar bears an inscription in Sanskrit using the Brahmi script. It mentions a powerful ruler named 'Chandra', who is widely identified by historians as Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) of the Gupta dynasty.
Key Takeaway:
The Mehrauli Iron Pillar is a masterpiece of Gupta-era metallurgy attributed to Chandragupta II, distinct from the stone pillars associated with the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka.