The correct option is (d).
Explanation
The chronological classification of ancient Indian history relies heavily on metallurgical stages: the Bronze Age (Indus Valley Civilization), the Chalcolithic Period (Copper-Stone Age), and the subsequent Iron Age.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
The Harappan Civilization is classified as a Bronze Age civilization. The Harappans were skilled in metallurgy and knew how to mix copper and tin to produce bronze. Numerous artifacts, including the famous "Dancing Girl" statue from Mohenjodaro and various tools, testify to their knowledge of bronze manufacturing.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The immediate successors of the Harappans in the Gangetic plains and other regions were primarily Chalcolithic (Copper-Stone) cultures, not Iron Age cultures. After the decline of the urban Harappan phase, the subcontinent saw the prevalence of rural cultures (such as the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture) that utilized copper and stone implements. The Iron Age in the Gangetic plains emerged significantly later (around 1000 BCE), associated with the Painted Grey Ware (PGW) culture.
Key Takeaway:
The Harappan civilization belonged to the Bronze Age. It was followed chronologically by rural Chalcolithic cultures, while the use of iron became prominent much later during the Vedic period.