The correct option is 2 and 3 only
Explanation
The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a broad trough of low pressure in equatorial latitudes. It represents the zone where the northeast and southeast trade winds converge, resulting in rising air currents and atmospheric instability.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: The ITCZ is a low-pressure zone, not a high-pressure zone. It is formed due to intense solar heating at the equator, which causes air to rise. Additionally, it is the region where trade winds converge, rather than diverge.
Statement 2 is Correct: The position of the ITCZ oscillates with the apparent movement of the sun. In July, during the northern summer, the ITCZ shifts northwards and is located roughly between 20°N and 25°N latitudes (over the Gangetic plain). In this specific location, it is often referred to as the Monsoon Trough.
Statement 3 is Correct: The northward shift of the ITCZ over the Indian subcontinent coincides with the intense heating of the landmass. This shift facilitates and reinforces the development of a strong thermal low-pressure system over north and northwest India, which is the primary driver for attracting the moisture-laden Southwest Monsoon winds.
Key Takeaway: The ITCZ is a migratory low-pressure belt defined by wind convergence; its northward shift over the Gangetic plain in summer creates the Monsoon Trough, essential for the onset of the Indian Monsoon.