The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Indus Water Treaty is a water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank. Signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960, it establishes a mechanism for cooperation and information exchange regarding the use of the rivers of the Indus system.
Statement 1 is Correct:
The primary objective of the treaty is to regulate the use and distribution of water from the Indus river system between the two signatory nations, India and Pakistan. It provides specific rights and obligations to both countries concerning the use of these waters.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The treaty divides the river system into two categories:
- Eastern Rivers: The Ravi, the Beas, and the Sutlej. These were allocated to India for exclusive use.
- Western Rivers: The Indus, the Jhelum, and the Chenab. These were allocated to Pakistan.
Statement 3 is Correct:
The water from the Eastern rivers (Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi), which is allocated to India, is extensively utilized for agricultural purposes. Major canal systems, such as the Indira Gandhi Canal, transport this water to irrigate fields in Punjab, Haryana, and the arid southern and western parts of Rajasthan.
Key Takeaway:
The Indus Water Treaty (1960) allocates the three Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India and the three Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan.