With reference to the Himalayas and other Peninsular mountains, consider the following statements: 1. Unlike the rigid Peninsular Block, they are young, weak, and flexible in their geological structure. 2. They are stable blocks devoid of any tectonic origin. 3. Landforms such as gorges, V-shaped valleys, and rapids are indicative of their stage of development. Which of the statements given above are correct?

The correct option is 1 and 3 only . Explanation Geologically, India is divided into three major zones: the Peninsular Block, the Himalayas and other Extra-Peninsular mountains, and the Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain. These zones differ significantly in their geological structure, stability, and landform development. The Himalayas represent a young, tectonically active system, whereas the Peninsular Block is an ancient, stable shield. Statement-wise Analysis - Statement 1 is Correct. The geological structure of the Himalayas (and other Extra-Peninsular mountains) is young, weak, and flexible. This stands in sharp contrast to the Peninsular Block, which is rigid and stable. The Himalayan rocks are subjected to intense folding and faulting due to the ongoing collision of tectonic plates. - Statement 2 is Incorrect. The Himalayas are not stable blocks; they are tectonically unstable and seismically active. They are of tectonic origin, formed by the interplay of endogenic forces (plate tectonics) and exogenic forces. The Peninsular Block, conversely, is largely devoid of recent tectonic instability. - Statement 3 is Correct. The Himalayas are in their youthful stage of geomorphic development. This is evidenced by the presence of fast-flowing rivers that create erosional landforms such as gorges, V-shaped valleys, rapids, and waterfalls. These features indicate active vertical erosion and uplift. Key Takeaway The Himalayas are geologically young, weak, and flexible mountains characterized by tectonic instability and youthful landforms (gorges, V-shaped valleys). In contrast, the Peninsular Block is an ancient, rigid, and stable mass with relict and senile landforms.

With reference to the Himalayas and other Peninsul... - NCERT Class 11 Geography MCQ

Solution

The correct option is
1 and 3 only
.

Explanation

Geologically, India is divided into three major zones: the Peninsular Block, the Himalayas and other Extra-Peninsular mountains, and the Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain. These zones differ significantly in their geological structure, stability, and landform development. The Himalayas represent a young, tectonically active system, whereas the Peninsular Block is an ancient, stable shield.

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct. The geological structure of the Himalayas (and other Extra-Peninsular mountains) is young, weak, and flexible. This stands in sharp contrast to the Peninsular Block, which is rigid and stable. The Himalayan rocks are subjected to intense folding and faulting due to the ongoing collision of tectonic plates.
Statement 2 is Incorrect. The Himalayas are not stable blocks; they are tectonically unstable and seismically active. They are of tectonic origin, formed by the interplay of endogenic forces (plate tectonics) and exogenic forces. The Peninsular Block, conversely, is largely devoid of recent tectonic instability.
Statement 3 is Correct. The Himalayas are in their youthful stage of geomorphic development. This is evidenced by the presence of fast-flowing rivers that create erosional landforms such as gorges, V-shaped valleys, rapids, and waterfalls. These features indicate active vertical erosion and uplift.

Key Takeaway

The Himalayas are geologically young, weak, and flexible mountains characterized by tectonic instability and youthful landforms (gorges, V-shaped valleys). In contrast, the Peninsular Block is an ancient, rigid, and stable mass with relict and senile landforms.

NCERT Class 11 Geography — Chapter 2: Structure and Physiography

Options

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Solution

The correct option is
1 and 3 only
.

Explanation

Statement-wise Analysis

Key Takeaway

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