Correct Option
The correct option is The pattern of the flow of rivers.
Explanation
The Peninsular Plateau is a tableland composed of old crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. One of its defining physiographic characteristics is its general gradient or tilt, which influences the region's drainage system.
Detailed Analysis
- The pattern of the flow of rivers: The general slope of the Peninsular Plateau is from west to east. This is best evidenced by the flow direction of major Peninsular rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri. These rivers originate in the western highlands (Western Ghats) and traverse the entire breadth of the plateau to drain into the Bay of Bengal. The drainage pattern acts as the direct consequence and observable proof of the land's gradient.
- The height of the Western Ghats compared to the Eastern Ghats: While it is factually correct that the Western Ghats are higher and continuous compared to the eroded and discontinuous Eastern Ghats, this elevation difference is the cause of the slope rather than the dynamic evidence of the gradient across the entire plateau. The flow of water confirms the continuous slope connecting these two boundaries.
- The location of the Deccan Traps: The Deccan Traps refer to a geological formation resulting from volcanic activity (flood basalts) in the northwest part of the plateau. Their location indicates geological origin, not the directional slope of the entire landmass.
- The steep slope of the Western Coastal Plains: The Western Coastal Plains are submerged and narrow, characterized by steep slopes towards the Arabian Sea. This explains the swift flow of west-flowing rivers but does not evidence the general eastward slope of the main plateau.
Key Takeaway: The eastward flow of major Peninsular rivers into the Bay of Bengal is the primary geographical evidence indicating that the Peninsular Plateau tilts from west to east.