The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The geographic grid system is a coordinate system used to identify precise locations on the Earth's surface. It is formed by the intersection of imaginary lines known as parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The grid system is defined as the network formed by the intersecting lines of parallels of latitudes (running East-West) and meridians of longitudes (running North-South). This network allows for the pinpointing of any location on the globe.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The primary function of the grid system is to determine the absolute location of a place on the Earth's surface. It is not used to determine the depth of oceans; ocean depth is measured using bathymetric techniques such as sonar sounding.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: In a standard grid diagram or map projection:
- Horizontal lines represent parallels of latitude (measuring distance North or South of the Equator).
- Vertical lines represent meridians of longitude (measuring distance East or West of the Prime Meridian).
Key Takeaway:
The geographic grid consists of horizontal parallels (latitudes) and vertical meridians (longitudes) used primarily for locating specific points on the Earth's surface.