The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation
The Gram Sabha is the foundational body of the Panchayati Raj system, established under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. It serves as the primary assembly for deliberation and decision-making at the village level.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Gram Sabha is a manifestation of direct democracy. Unlike the Lok Sabha or State Assemblies where elected representatives make decisions, the Gram Sabha allows every eligible voter in the village to directly participate in discussions, approve plans, and hold the elected Panchayat accountable.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Gram Sabha is not a representative body; it is a general assembly of the electorate. A "representative body" implies a smaller group of elected individuals acting on behalf of the population (e.g., the State Legislative Assembly or the Gram Panchayat). The Gram Sabha consists of the people themselves, making it a body of direct participation rather than representation.
- Statement 3 is Correct: According to Article 243(b) of the Constitution, the Gram Sabha consists of persons registered in the electoral rolls relating to a village comprised within the area of the Panchayat at the village level. Therefore, all registered adult voters in the village are members.
Key Takeaway:
The Gram Sabha represents direct democracy (consisting of all registered voters), whereas the Gram Panchayat represents representative democracy (consisting of elected ward members and the Sarpanch).