The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The question pertains to the characteristics and stylistic evolution of the 'Gita Govinda' series of paintings by Manak, specifically its relationship with the Basohli and Guler schools of Pahari painting.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1: It was painted at Guler.
- Incorrect. The 'Gita Govinda' series by Manak (also known as Manaku) from 1730 was painted at Basohli, not Guler. Manak was a prominent artist of the Basohli school.
- Statement 2: It completely abandoned the use of beetle’s wing casings found in earlier styles.
- Correct. The Basohli style, particularly in its earlier phases, was known for its vibrant colours and the use of beetle wing casings (often for jewellery or ornamentation) to create a shimmering effect. Manak's 'Gita Govinda' series, while retaining some Basohli characteristics, marked a departure from this specific technique, moving towards a more refined aesthetic.
- Statement 3: It represents a transition from the Basohli style towards the Guler style.
- Incorrect. While Manak's work, including the 'Gita Govinda' series, shows a refinement of the Basohli style and a move towards a softer palette and more naturalistic depiction, it is not considered a direct transition to the Guler style. The Guler style, which emerged later, was characterized by a greater emphasis on naturalism, delicate drawing, and a subdued colour palette, often attributed to artists like Nainsukh (Manak's younger brother) and his family. Manak's work is still firmly rooted in the Basohli tradition, albeit a more evolved form of it.
Key Takeaway
Manak's 'Gita Govinda' series of 1730, painted at Basohli, is notable for its abandonment of beetle wing casings, representing an evolution within the Basohli style rather than a direct transition to the Guler style.