The correct option is B.
Explanation
The Indian legal system distinguishes between Fundamental Rights, which are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution, and ordinary legal rights, which are created and governed by statutes passed by the legislature.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Ordinary legal rights are established and protected by ordinary laws enacted by the Parliament or State Legislatures. In contrast, Fundamental Rights are specifically guaranteed and protected by the Constitution of India, which is the supreme law of the land.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Ordinary rights can be modified, curtailed, or repealed by the legislature through the standard process of ordinary lawmaking. However, Fundamental Rights can only be altered or abridged by an amendment to the Constitution under Article 368, which requires a special majority and is subject to the 'Basic Structure' doctrine.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The power of Judicial Review in India extends to both executive and legislative actions. Under Articles 13, 32, and 226, the judiciary (Supreme Court and High Courts) has the authority to declare any law (legislative action) or order (executive action) null and void if it violates the Fundamental Rights. The judiciary is not restricted to reviewing only executive actions.
Key Takeaway:
Fundamental Rights are distinguished by their constitutional status, requiring a constitutional amendment for modification and possessing immunity from both legislative and executive overreach through judicial review.