The correct option is 1, 2 and 3
Explanation
A Bill of Rights, often enshrined in a democratic constitution, serves as a fundamental guarantee of individual liberties and limitations on governmental power. It delineates specific rights that citizens possess and establishes mechanisms for their protection.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1: It prohibits the government from acting against the rights of individuals.
Correct. A primary function of a Bill of Rights is to impose restrictions on the state, preventing it from infringing upon the fundamental rights of its citizens. These rights are often considered negative rights, meaning they restrict government action.
- Statement 2: It ensures a remedy in case there is a violation of these rights.
Correct. For a Bill of Rights to be effective, it must provide mechanisms for individuals to seek redress when their rights are violated. This typically involves access to judicial review or other legal avenues to enforce these rights.
- Statement 3: It protects the rights of an individual only against the actions of the state, not against other individuals.
Correct. Traditionally, fundamental rights enumerated in a Bill of Rights are primarily enforceable against the state. While some rights may have implications for private actions (e.g., prohibition of untouchability), the direct enforcement mechanism is typically against governmental entities. Protection against other individuals often falls under ordinary civil and criminal law, though the state has an obligation to ensure such protection.
Key Takeaway
A Bill of Rights in a democratic constitution serves to restrict governmental power, guarantee individual liberties, and provide judicial remedies for their violation, primarily against state actions.