The correct Answer is A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
Explanation
The Indian Constitution provides for various writs as remedies for the enforcement of fundamental rights. These writs are issued by the Supreme Court (under Article 32) and High Courts (under Article 226) to ensure justice and uphold the rule of law.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Habeas Corpus: This writ literally means 'to have the body of'. It is issued by the court to a person who has detained another person, ordering the detainer to produce the latter before the court. The court then examines the cause and legality of the detention. If the detention is found to be illegal, the detained person is set free. Therefore, it matches with 1. Court orders that an arrested person be presented before it.
- B. Mandamus: This writ literally means 'we command'. It is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform his official duties that he has failed or refused to perform. It can also be issued against any public body, a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal, or government for the same purpose. Therefore, it matches with 4. Court commands a public official to perform their legal duty.
- C. Quo Warranto: This writ literally means 'by what authority or warrant'. It is issued by the court to enquire into the legality of the claim of a person to a public office. It prevents illegal usurpation of public office by a person. Therefore, it matches with 2. Court asks a person under what authority they hold a public office.
- D. Certiorari: This writ literally means 'to be certified' or 'to be informed'. It is issued by a higher court to a lower court or tribunal either to transfer a case pending with the latter to itself or to quash the order of the latter. It is issued on the grounds of excess of jurisdiction or lack of jurisdiction or error of law. Therefore, it matches with 3. Court orders a lower court to transfer a pending matter to a higher authority.
Key Takeaway
The five types of writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto) serve distinct purposes in enforcing fundamental rights and ensuring judicial oversight over executive and judicial actions.