The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Landforms are natural features of the Earth's surface, primarily classified based on elevation, slope, and relief. The two major elevated landforms are mountains, characterized by significant height and peaks, and plateaus, characterized by elevated flat terrain.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: A mountain is any natural elevation of the earth's surface that rises considerably higher than the surrounding area. Mountains typically possess a broad base and a small summit or peak. Some mountains are even higher than the clouds.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: A plateau is defined as an elevated flat land. It is essentially a flat-topped "tableland" standing above the surrounding area. Unlike mountains, plateaus do not have pointed peaks; their top surface is relatively flat and expansive.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Like mountains, plateaus can be classified as young or old based on their geological formation period. For instance, the Deccan Plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus, while the Tibetan Plateau is geologically younger, associated with the Himalayan orogeny. Similarly, mountains are classified as young fold mountains (e.g., Himalayas) or old fold mountains (e.g., Aravallis).
Key Takeaway:
The primary physical distinction between a mountain and a plateau is the summit; mountains have conical or pointed peaks, whereas plateaus are flat-topped tablelands. Both landforms vary in geological age.