The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a multilateral treaty that serves as a comprehensive global framework for the protection of biodiversity. It was a key outcome of the 1992 Earth Summit.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Government of India did not refuse to sign the convention. India became a signatory to the CBD on 5th June 1992 and ratified it on 18th February 1994. To give effect to the convention, India subsequently enacted the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The convention was opened for signature at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), popularly known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The CBD is a legally binding international treaty. It operates on three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
Key Takeaway: The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a legally binding treaty originating from the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, focusing on conservation, sustainable use, and equitable benefit sharing. India is a party to this convention.