The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The conflict in the Rajmahal Hills during the late 18th and early 19th centuries represents a clash between two distinct modes of subsistence: the shifting cultivation of the Paharias and the settled agriculture of the Santhals, promoted by British colonial interests to maximize land revenue.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: The symbolism is reversed in the statement. The "Hoe" symbolized the life of the Paharias, who scratched the soil for shifting cultivation. The "Plough" symbolized the Santhals (and the British ideal), who turned the soil for settled agriculture.
Statement 2 is Correct: The Paharias practiced shifting cultivation (jhum) and lived on forest produce. They had a deep cultural connection to the forest and resisted using the plough, considering it an instrument that destroyed the natural vegetation they revered and depended upon.
Statement 3 is Correct: Having failed to subdue the Paharias or persuade them to adopt settled agriculture, the British turned to the Santhals. By 1832, a large area of land was demarcated as Damin-i-Koh and declared the land of the Santhals. They were encouraged to settle there, clear the forests, and practice plough agriculture to expand the revenue base.
Key Takeaway: The "Hoe vs. Plough" conflict illustrates the British administrative strategy of replacing the "unruly" shifting cultivators (Paharias) with "industrious" settled agriculturists (Santhals) through the creation of the Damin-i-Koh enclave.