Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Nainsukh (c. 1710-1778) was a seminal figure in the history of Pahari miniature painting. He was the younger son of Pandit Seu and played a crucial role in transitioning the Pahari style from the bold intensity of the Basohli school to the delicate naturalism associated with the Guler and Kangra schools.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Nainsukh is widely credited with shaping the Guler School of painting. Along with his brother Manaku, he introduced a distinct naturalism and refinement to the region's art. His style marked a departure from earlier traditions, laying the foundation for what later evolved into the celebrated Kangra style.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Nainsukh is renowned specifically for his portraiture. Unlike many contemporaries who focused solely on mythological or religious themes, Nainsukh created an extensive series of intimate portraits of his patron, Raja Balwant Singh of Jasrota. These paintings depicted the ruler in candid, everyday activities-such as writing, smoking, or watching dancers-rather than just formal courtly poses.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The earlier Basohli style was characterized by the use of bold, primary colors and vigorous lines. In contrast, Nainsukh adopted a more refined palette utilizing softer shades, delicate lines, and a greater focus on white space and naturalistic landscapes. This stylistic shift is a hallmark of his work.
Key Takeaway
Nainsukh is a pivotal artist of the Guler School known for introducing naturalism, a softer color palette distinct from the Basohli style, and for his unique focus on intimate, observational portraiture of his patron.