The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Tea is a significant beverage crop and a classic example of plantation agriculture. It requires specific geographical conditions typical of tropical and sub-tropical regions to ensure the growth of tender leaves.
Statement 1 is Correct: Tea grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates. It requires deep, fertile, and well-drained soil that is rich in humus and organic matter. Stagnant water is harmful to tea roots, which is why it is often grown on hill slopes.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Tea does not require a cool and dry climate; rather, it requires a warm and moist frost-free climate throughout the year. Frequent showers distributed evenly over the year are crucial for the continuous growth of tender leaves. Dry spells are generally detrimental to the crop.
Statement 3 is Correct: Tea cultivation is a labour-intensive industry. It requires abundant, cheap, and skilled labour, primarily for the manual plucking of leaves. The freshness of the leaves is critical, so processing is often carried out within the tea garden.
Key Takeaway: Tea thrives in warm, moist climates with well-distributed rainfall and deep, well-drained soils, requiring significant manual labour for harvesting.