The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Sanitation in public places involves the maintenance of hygienic conditions through proper waste management and civic responsibility. Public areas are critical points for waste generation and potential disease transmission if not managed correctly.
Statement 1 is Correct: Public places such as railway stations, bus stands, airports, and markets experience high human footfall. Consequently, large quantities of solid waste are generated in these areas daily, requiring robust collection and disposal mechanisms.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Scattered litter serves as a breeding ground for disease vectors such as flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, and rats. These vectors are responsible for spreading communicable diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. Therefore, unmanaged litter has a direct and significant impact on public health.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: Proper civic sense and sanitation guidelines dictate that if a dustbin is not available, the waste should be carried by the individual until a proper disposal bin is found or taken home for disposal. Leaving litter in a corner contributes to pollution and unsanitary conditions.
Key Takeaway: Effective public sanitation requires both the availability of waste management infrastructure and the exercise of civic responsibility to prevent the accumulation of waste and the spread of diseases.