The correct option is (b).
Explanation
The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is a nationwide campaign launched by the Government of India to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management. It is divided into two sub-missions: SBM-Gramin (Rural) and SBM-Urban.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Swachh Bharat Mission was officially launched on 2nd October 2014, on the occasion of the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, with the target to achieve a "Clean India" by 2nd October 2019. It was not initiated in 2016.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The core objectives of the mission include the elimination of open defecation through the construction of household and community toilets. Furthermore, it focuses on the scientific management of solid and liquid waste, which encompasses proper sewage disposal and municipal waste management systems.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The mission does not prohibit vermi-processing toilets. On the contrary, SBM encourages the use of appropriate, cost-effective, and environmentally safe technologies. While the Twin Pit Pour Flush toilet is the most preferred technology in rural areas, other technologies like bio-toilets and vermi-composting (for organic waste management) are permitted and encouraged where suitable.
Key Takeaway:
The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched in 2014 to achieve an Open Defecation Free (ODF) India and ensure 100% scientific management of municipal solid waste, promoting various eco-friendly sanitation technologies.