The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Reflection is categorized into regular (specular) and diffused (irregular) reflection based on the smoothness of the reflecting surface. The fundamental laws of reflection apply to every point on the surface in both cases.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Regular reflection occurs when a parallel beam of light falls on a smooth and polished surface, such as a plane mirror. In this process, the entire beam is reflected in one specific direction, remaining parallel. It does not occur on irregular surfaces.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Diffused reflection takes place when parallel rays of light strike a rough or irregular surface (e.g., a wall, paper, or wood). Due to the surface texture, the reflected rays are scattered in many different directions rather than remaining parallel.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Diffused reflection is directly caused by the irregularities of the reflecting surface. On a rough surface, the orientation of the normal varies at different points. Therefore, while the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection at each individual point, the collective reflected rays travel in random directions.
Key Takeaway: Regular reflection occurs on smooth surfaces and preserves the parallel nature of light beams, while diffused reflection occurs on rough surfaces and scatters light, which allows non-luminous objects to be visible from multiple angles.