The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Plantation agriculture is a form of commercial farming introduced by Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics. It is characterized by the cultivation of a single crop on large estates, designed primarily for export or industrial use.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Plantation agriculture operates as an interface between agriculture and industry. The crops grown (such as tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, and bananas) often require immediate processing. Therefore, processing factories are frequently located within or near the plantations to ensure quality and reduce spoilage.
- Statement 2 is Correct: This type of farming is highly capital-intensive, requiring significant investment in land, machinery, and infrastructure. It does not rely on local family labor; instead, it depends heavily on large numbers of hired labor, often including migrant workers. It also utilizes scientific methods of cultivation and managerial support.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Since the production is purely for the market (often international), a well-developed transport network connecting the plantation estates to processing units and markets is essential for the success of plantation agriculture.
Key Takeaway: Plantation agriculture is a capital-intensive, commercial farming system characterized by monoculture (single crop), large estates, managerial organization, and a strong reliance on efficient transport and industrial linkage.