The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
Organic farming is an integrated agricultural system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility, and biological diversity. It prohibits the use of synthetic inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, and feed additives.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Organic agriculture has significant export potential due to the high demand for chemical-free food products in international markets. Organic produce typically commands a premium price, thereby generating higher income through exports compared to conventional produce.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The defining characteristic of organic farming is the exclusion of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Instead, it relies on crop rotation, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity and control pests.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Organic farming improves soil health rather than degrading it. Practices such as composting, mulching, and the use of green manure enhance soil organic carbon, structure, and water-holding capacity. Conventional farming, which relies heavily on chemical inputs, is often associated with the long-term degradation of soil health.
Key Takeaway:
Organic farming is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems, and people by relying on ecological processes, biodiversity, and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.