The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
Organic farming is a sustainable agricultural system that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity, and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Organic farming is not banned from export markets. On the contrary, there is a high and growing demand for organic products in international markets. While exports are subject to strict quality standards and certification requirements, they are a significant source of income.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The input costs in organic farming are generally lower than in modern chemical farming because it substitutes expensive agricultural inputs (like HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides) with locally produced organic inputs (such as manure and compost) which are cheaper.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect. Organic produce typically has a shorter shelf life compared to sprayed produce. This is because organic crops do not utilize synthetic preservatives or waxes and are more susceptible to blemishes and spoilage post-harvest.
Key Takeaway:
Organic farming offers the economic advantage of lower input costs and high export potential, but it faces challenges regarding the shelf life of produce and initial yield levels compared to conventional farming.