The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The social structure of Early Historic South India and the Deccan was characterized by distinct kinship patterns that often differed from the Brahmanical norms prevalent in North India, particularly regarding marriage alliances.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Marriage within the kin group was a prevalent practice in South India. Specifically, cross-cousin marriage (marrying the daughter of a maternal uncle or paternal aunt) was socially accepted and widely practiced. This form of alliance helped in strengthening clan solidarity and keeping property within the extended family.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The Satavahanas, who ruled the Deccan, did not strictly prohibit cross-cousin marriages. Historical evidence indicates that such marriages were practiced and even utilized by royal families (such as the Satavahanas and the Ikshvakus) to consolidate political power. This practice existed despite the theoretical prohibitions found in some contemporary Brahmanical Dharmashastras, highlighting the unique regional customs of the Deccan and South India.
Key Takeaway: A defining feature of the South Indian kinship system during the Early Historic period was the acceptance and prevalence of cross-cousin marriages, which stood in contrast to the strict rules of exogamy (sapinda restrictions) observed in North India.