Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The question relates to the views expressed by Jaipal Singh Munda, a prominent tribal leader and member of the Constituent Assembly. His interventions focused on the integration of Adivasis into the Indian political system while ensuring safeguards against historical exploitation.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Jaipal Singh Munda did not demand separate electorates, recognizing the need for national unity. However, he argued that democracy would be meaningless for Adivasis without specific political safeguards. Therefore, he demanded the reservation of seats in the legislature to ensure their representation.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: He did not argue that tribals were well protected under British rule. On the contrary, he described the history of Adivasis as one of "continuous exploitation and dispossession". He stated in the Assembly that his people had been "shabbily treated" and neglected for thousands of years, rather than being protected.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Consistent with his stance on political safeguards, he explicitly asked for the reservation of seats in the legislature. He believed that while Adivasis did not need special protection in terms of isolation, they required guaranteed political representation to compete effectively in the new democratic setup.
Key Takeaway
Jaipal Singh Munda championed the cause of Adivasis in the Constituent Assembly by rejecting separate electorates but securing legislative reservation to address historical neglect and ensure political empowerment.