The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Inter-cropping is an improved agricultural practice involving the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field to maximize yield and resource efficiency.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Inter-cropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously in a definite row pattern (e.g., a few rows of soyabean alternating with a few rows of maize). The practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land without any definite row pattern is known as Mixed Cropping.
- Statement 2 is Correct: In inter-cropping, crops are selected specifically so that their nutrient requirements are different. This ensures maximum utilization of the nutrients supplied and minimizes competition between the crops for the same resources.
- Statement 3 is Correct: This method prevents pests and diseases from spreading to all plants belonging to one crop. The rows of a different crop act as a barrier, checking the spread of pathogens or insects that are specific to one of the crops.
Key Takeaway: The defining characteristic of Inter-cropping is the use of a definite row pattern, whereas Mixed Cropping lacks a specific arrangement. Inter-cropping allows for better pest control and nutrient management compared to mixed cropping.