Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Endogenic geomorphic processes are geological forces that originate inside the Earth. These internal forces are responsible for building relief features and elevating the Earth's surface, acting in opposition to exogenic forces which tend to wear down the landscape.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The energy emanating from within the Earth is the fundamental force driving endogenic processes. This energy induces lithospheric movements that result in the deformation of the Earth's crust.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: While radioactivity and primordial heat (heat trapped during the Earth's formation) are the primary sources of this energy, they are not the sole sources. The internal energy is also generated by rotational friction and tidal friction. Thus, the use of the word "solely" makes the statement invalid.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Endogenic processes are broadly classified into two main categories: diastrophism (slow movements such as mountain building, folding, and faulting) and volcanism (sudden movements involving the eruption of molten rock). Both are classic examples of internal geomorphic processes.
Key Takeaway: Endogenic forces are driven by internal energy derived from radioactivity, primordial heat, and tidal/rotational friction. They manifest principally through diastrophism and volcanism.