Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
### Conceptual Framing
Commercial farming involves the cultivation of crops and rearing of livestock specifically for sale in the market to earn profits. It is characterized by the use of modern inputs like High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides to achieve higher productivity.
### Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The degree of commercialisation of agriculture is not uniform across India; it varies from one region to another. A crop grown for commercial purposes in one state may be a subsistence crop in another, depending on the economic objectives of the farmers in that region.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Rice is a commercial crop in Punjab and Haryana. In these states, it is grown extensively for market sale and export using high levels of irrigation and inputs. In contrast, in states like Odisha, West Bengal, and Bihar, rice is primarily a subsistence crop grown for self-consumption.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Plantation agriculture is a distinct type of commercial farming. It is defined by the cultivation of a single crop on a large area. This system is capital-intensive, often utilizes migrant labour, and functions as an interface between agriculture and industry. Examples include tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, and banana.
Key Takeaway: The classification of farming as commercial or subsistence depends on the region and the purpose of production (market vs. consumption). Plantation farming is strictly a form of commercial agriculture characterized by monoculture.