The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Cell division is the biological process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. In eukaryotic organisms, this occurs primarily through two distinct mechanisms: mitosis and meiosis.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: Mitosis is known as equational division. It results in the production of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Crucially, the daughter cells retain the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell. For instance, in human somatic cells, a parent cell with 46 chromosomes produces two daughter cells, each with 46 chromosomes.
Statement 2 is Correct: Meiosis is known as reductional division. It involves two sequential cycles of nuclear and cell division (Meiosis I and Meiosis II) following a single cycle of DNA replication. This process results in the formation of four daughter cells, each being haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the original diploid parent cell.
Statement 3 is Correct: The functional roles of these divisions differ significantly. Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells and is responsible for growth, development, and tissue repair. Meiosis occurs in germ cells and is specifically dedicated to gamete formation (sperms and ova) in sexually reproducing organisms, ensuring genetic diversity and the maintenance of chromosome number across generations.
Key Takeaway: Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells for growth and repair (equational), whereas Meiosis produces four non-identical haploid cells for reproduction (reductional).