The correct option is S. H. Raza.
Explanation
The question pertains to Modern Indian Art, specifically the evolution of the Progressive Artists' Group. This period saw artists blending Western modernist techniques with Indian spiritual and philosophical themes. The transition towards geometric abstraction rooted in Tantric symbols marks a significant phase in this movement.
Analysis of Options
- S. H. Raza: He is the correct answer. In the late 1970s, Raza shifted his focus from expressionist landscapes to geometric abstraction. He adopted the 'Bindu' (the black point or dot) as his central motif. Drawing from Indian philosophy, specifically Tantric thought, he conceptualized the Bindu as the "seed" (Shunya) from which all life and creation originate. His compositions frequently utilize the geometry of mandalas and yantras to represent cosmological concepts.
- V. S. Gaitonde: Although a contemporary of Raza and a master of abstraction, Gaitonde's work is characterized by monochromatic, non-objective planes of color and light, often associated with Zen philosophy. He did not focus on the specific geometric motif of the Bindu.
- Krishen Khanna: He is primarily a figurative painter known for his socio-political narratives, such as the 'Bandwalla' series and depictions of the partition, rather than geometric abstraction.
- K. K. Hebbar: His art is known for its rhythmic lines and focus on Indian folk themes, rural life, and dance forms (like Yakshagana), distinct from the Tantric geometric abstraction of Raza.
Key Takeaway
S. H. Raza is the modern Indian artist synonymous with the 'Bindu' motif, utilizing geometric abstraction inspired by Indian cosmology, mandalas, and yantras.