The correct option is Realistic three-dimensional modelling.
Explanation
The Vijayanagara school of painting (14th-16th century AD) represents a significant phase in South Indian art, evolving from earlier Chola and Pandya traditions. These paintings are primarily found as murals on the ceilings and walls of temples, most notably at Lepakshi (Virabhadra Temple) and Hampi (Virupaksha Temple).Analysis of Characteristics
- Realistic three-dimensional modelling: Incorrect. This is not a feature of the Vijayanagara school. The style is characterized by a distinct two-dimensional flatness. There is an absence of shading or tonal variations used to create depth or volume. The figures appear flat against the background.
- Profile faces: Correct. The figures are predominantly depicted in profile (side view), which is a standard convention of this style.
- Large frontal eyes: Correct. Despite the face being in profile, the eyes are often depicted as large and frontal (viewed from the front), giving the figures an expressive and stylized appearance.
- Narrow waists: Correct. The anatomical treatment is stylized rather than naturalistic, featuring figures with narrow waists and elaborate costumes, adhering to specific iconographic norms.
Key Takeaway
Vijayanagara paintings are distinguished by their linear style, two-dimensionality, and lack of perspective. They prioritize decorative detailing and stylized forms (profile faces, frontal eyes) over realistic anatomical modelling or spatial depth.