The correct option is Airavatesvara temple at Darasuram.
Explanation
The Chola dynasty is renowned for its patronage of Dravidian architecture, culminating in the construction of grand stone temples. Three of these are collectively designated as the "Great Living Chola Temples" by UNESCO: the Brihadeswara Temple at Thanjavur, the Brihadeswara Temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram, and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram.Detailed Analysis:
- Airavatesvara temple at Darasuram Airavatesvara temple at Darasuram: Correct. This temple was built by Rajaraja Chola II in the 12th century (c. 1146-1173 CE). It is distinct for its intricate stone carvings and miniature sculptures, differing from the massive scale of the earlier two Great Chola Temples. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
- Brihadeswara temple at Thanjavur Brihadeswara temple at Thanjavur: Incorrect. This temple, also known as the "Big Temple" or Rajarajesvaram, was constructed by Rajaraja Chola I and completed around 1010 CE. It is the earliest and largest of the three Great Living Chola Temples.
- Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple: Incorrect. This temple was built by Rajendra Chola I (the son and successor of Rajaraja I) to commemorate his victorious expedition to the Ganges. It replicates the style of the Thanjavur temple but with a slightly concave vimana profile.
- Kampaharesvara temple at Tribhuvanam Kampaharesvara temple at Tribhuvanam: Incorrect. This temple was constructed by Kulothunga Chola III. It represents the final phase of the Later Chola architectural style.
Key Takeaway:
The chronological order of the major Chola temples and their builders is:
1. Thanjavur (Rajaraja I)
2. Gangaikonda Cholapuram (Rajendra I)
3. Darasuram (Rajaraja II)
4. Tribhuvanam (Kulothunga III)