Kolis and Berads
Explanation
During the medieval period, various tribal communities maintained dominance over specific geographical regions before being absorbed into the caste-based society or the administrative structures of larger empires. Their geographical distribution is a key aspect of the social history of medieval India.Option Analysis
- Kolis and Berads is Correct: The Kolis were historically dominant in the Maharashtra highlands and parts of Gujarat. They played a significant role in the local military and social structures (often associated with the Maratha forts). The Berads were a prominent tribal community in Karnataka.
- Nagas and Ahoms is Incorrect: The Nagas and Ahoms were dominant in the north-eastern part of the subcontinent (present-day Nagaland and Assam). The Ahoms established a powerful kingdom in the Brahmaputra valley.
- Mundas and Santals is Incorrect: The Mundas and Santals were major tribes located in the eastern region, specifically across present-day Odisha, Jharkhand, and Bengal.
- Langahs and Arghuns is Incorrect: The Langahs and Arghuns dominated extensive regions in the north-west (Multan and Sindh) before they were subdued by the Mughals.
Key Takeaway
Regional Distribution of Medieval Tribes:- North-West: Langahs, Arghuns, Gakkhars, Balochis.
- Western/Central India: Bhils, Kolis, Gonds.
- Maharashtra/Karnataka: Kolis, Berads.
- East: Cheros, Mundas, Santals.
- North-East: Nagas, Ahoms.