Correct Option
The correct option is It was signed in June 1992..
Explanation
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a legally binding multilateral treaty that serves as a comprehensive framework for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. It was a major outcome of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), commonly known as the Earth Summit.
Detailed Analysis of Options:
- It was signed by only developing nations. is Incorrect: The CBD is a global convention with near-universal participation. It was signed and ratified by a vast majority of nations, including both developed and developing countries, not just developing ones.
- It was signed in June 1992. is Correct: The text of the Convention was adopted in Nairobi in May 1992, and it was opened for signature on 5 June 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit. It subsequently entered into force on 29 December 1993.
- It was held in New York, USA. is Incorrect: The Earth Summit, where the CBD was opened for signature, took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. While the UN Headquarters is in New York, this specific summit was held in Rio.
- It focused on banning all trade in wildlife. is Incorrect: The CBD focuses on three goals: conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. It does not ban all trade in wildlife. The regulation and restriction of cross-border trade in wildlife is primarily the mandate of a different treaty, CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora).
Key Takeaway:
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was opened for signature at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. Its primary objectives are conservation, sustainable use, and equitable benefit sharing, distinct from CITES which specifically regulates international wildlife trade.