The correct option is 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
The Bhakti movement was characterized by the composition of devotional literature in vernacular languages, making spiritual knowledge accessible to the common masses. Prominent saints across India contributed to this literary tradition through poetry, songs, and theological treatises.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Pair 1 is Correct: Tulsidas (16th century) was a prominent saint of the Rama Bhakti school. He composed the Ramcharitmanas in Awadhi, a dialect of Hindi, making the story of Rama accessible to the general public who could not understand Sanskrit.
- Pair 2 is Correct: Surdas was a blind poet and a devotee of Lord Krishna. He is best known for his composition Sursagara (Ocean of Melody), written in Brajbhasha. His works primarily celebrate the childhood deeds of Krishna.
- Pair 3 is Correct: Shankaradeva (15th–16th century) was a Vaishnavite saint and social reformer from Assam. He propagated the Ekasarana Dharma and composed the Kirtana-ghosha, a collection of poetical works meant for community singing (Kirtan) in the Sattra tradition.
- Pair 4 is Correct: Kabir (15th century) was a Nirguna Bhakti saint who emphasized formless devotion. His verses, dohas, and teachings were compiled by his disciples. The Bijak is the most authentic compilation of his works and is the sacred text of the Kabirpanthis.
Key Takeaway:
Bhakti literature flourished in regional languages: Ramcharitmanas (Awadhi) by Tulsidas, Sursagara (Brajbhasha) by Surdas, Kirtana-ghosha (Assamese) by Shankaradeva, and Bijak (Hindi/Sadhukkadi) by Kabir.