Correct Option
The correct option is (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Explanation
The Indus River originates near Lake Mansarovar in Tibet and enters India in the Ladakh region. During its course through the Himalayan region (specifically Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan), it receives numerous tributaries from both the northern and southern flanks before entering the plains of Pakistan.
Statement-wise Analysis
- 1. Zaskar: Correct. The Zaskar River is a major tributary that flows through the Zaskar range and joins the Indus River near Leh.
- 2. Nubra: Correct. The Nubra River originates from the Siachen Glacier. While it is geographically a tributary of the Shyok River (which subsequently joins the Indus), standard academic text list the Nubra alongside others as one of the significant Himalayan tributaries of the Indus system in this region.
- 3. Shyok: Correct. The Shyok River rises from the Karakoram Range and flows roughly parallel to the Indus before joining it near Skardu. It is known as the "River of Death."
- 4. Hunza: Correct. The Hunza River flows through the Hunza Valley in Gilgit-Baltistan and joins the Indus River north of Gilgit. It is a significant tributary in the upper course of the Indus.
The Indus receives a number of Himalayan tributaries such as the Shyok, the Gilgit, the Zaskar, the Hunza, the Nubra, the Shigar, the Gasting, and the Dras.
Key Takeaway: The major tributaries joining the Indus in the Himalayan region include the Shyok, Gilgit, Zaskar, Hunza, Nubra, Shigar, Gasting, and Dras. These are distinct from the Panjnad tributaries (Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) which join the Indus later in Pakistan.