Mosses and Lichens
Explanation
Tundra vegetation is a biome characterized by extremely low temperatures, short growing seasons, and the absence of trees. It is found at high latitudes (Arctic Tundra) and high altitudes (Alpine Tundra). In these regions, the subsoil often remains frozen (permafrost), inhibiting deep root growth.- Mosses and Lichens is correct: The growth of natural vegetation in Tundra regions is very limited. Only mosses, lichens, and very small shrubs are found here. These plants are adapted to the harsh cold and thin soil cover. They typically grow during the very short summer season.
- Ferns and Algae is incorrect: Ferns generally require humid and shaded environments found in temperate or tropical zones. They are not the dominant vegetation in the freezing, exposed conditions of the Tundra.
- Palms and Cacti is incorrect: Palms are characteristic of tropical climates, while Cacti are xerophytic plants adapted to hot, dry deserts. Neither group can survive the freezing temperatures of high-altitude Tundra.
- Oaks and Chestnuts is incorrect: Oaks and Chestnuts are broad-leaved deciduous trees typical of temperate forests. They require a longer growing season and moderate temperatures, which are absent in Tundra regions.
Key Takeaway: Tundra is a treeless biome located beyond the tree line, where vegetation is primarily restricted to low-lying mosses and lichens due to extreme cold and permafrost.