Correct Option
The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
Waste disposal involves various methods to manage and treat solid waste to minimize its environmental impact. The choice of method depends on the nature of the waste (biodegradable vs. non-biodegradable) and the resources available.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Pair 1 is Correct: A landfill is a low-lying open area where garbage collected from a city or town is dumped. Once the landfill is full, it is often covered with soil and converted into a park or playground.
- Pair 2 is Incorrect: Composting is the process of converting biodegradable organic waste (such as kitchen scraps, leaves, and plant residues) into manure by the action of microorganisms. Plastics are non-biodegradable and cannot be converted into manure through composting.
- Pair 3 is Incorrect: Vermicomposting is a specific type of composting that uses a species of earthworms (commonly red worms) to accelerate the decomposition of organic waste. It does not involve the use of chemical fertilizers; rather, it produces nutrient-rich organic fertilizer.
- Pair 4 is Incorrect: Recycling involves collecting and processing materials (like paper, glass, and metals) that would otherwise be thrown away as trash and turning them into new products. The process of burning waste to produce energy (heat or electricity) is known as Incineration or Waste-to-Energy.
Key Takeaway
Landfills are for dumping solid waste; Composting and Vermicomposting treat biodegradable organic waste (using microbes and earthworms, respectively); Recycling reprocesses materials; and Incineration involves burning waste.