The correct Answer is Meluhha : Lapis lazuli and Gold
Explanation
Mesopotamian texts provide valuable insights into ancient trade networks and the commodities exchanged between different regions. These texts often mention specific regions and the products sourced from them, indicating established trade routes and economic interactions.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Dilmun : Copper
Incorrect. Mesopotamian texts indicate that Dilmun (modern Bahrain) was a significant intermediary in trade, particularly for copper, which was primarily sourced from Magan. Dilmun itself was not the primary source of copper.
- Magan : Carnelian
Incorrect. Magan (modern Oman) was renowned for its copper. Carnelian, a red stone, was primarily sourced from Meluhha (Indus Valley region).
- Meluhha : Lapis lazuli and Gold
Correct. Meluhha, identified with the Indus Valley Civilization, was a significant source of various goods for Mesopotamia. Lapis lazuli, though primarily from Afghanistan, was traded through Meluhha, and gold was also among the products obtained from or through Meluhha. Other items from Meluhha included carnelian, copper, and timber.
- Mesopotamia : Ivory
Incorrect. Mesopotamia was not a source of ivory. Ivory was imported into Mesopotamia, primarily from regions like Meluhha, where elephants were found.
Key Takeaway
Mesopotamian texts document extensive trade networks, with Meluhha (Indus Valley) being a key source for goods such as lapis lazuli, gold, carnelian, and copper, while Magan supplied copper, and Dilmun acted as an intermediary.