The correct option is All of the above
Explanation
Industrial regions are geographical areas with a high concentration of industries that benefit from agglomeration economies. In India, industrial regions are classified into major and minor regions based on the density and scale of industrial activities.Analysis of the Options:
- Ahmedabad-Baroda Region: This is a major industrial region located in Gujarat. Historically anchored by the cotton textile industry, it has diversified significantly into chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and engineering industries. The discovery of oil in the Gulf of Khambhat further boosted the petrochemical sector here.
- Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut Region: This is a major industrial region in Northern India. Its growth is driven by proximity to the national capital, excellent infrastructure, and access to a large consumer market. Industries here are market-oriented and light in nature, such as electronics, light engineering, electrical goods, and readymade garments.
- Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram Industrial Cluster: This is a recognized major industrial region located in Kerala. It is characterized by plantation-based industries, food processing, chemical industries, and light engineering. It is distinct from the heavy industrial belts found in the Chotanagpur or Hugli regions.
Since all the listed pairs represent correctly identified major industrial regions of India, option (d) is the correct answer.
Key Takeaway: The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) identifies eight major industrial regions in India: Mumbai-Pune, Hugli, Bengaluru-Tamil Nadu, Gujarat (Ahmedabad-Baroda), Chotanagpur, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur, Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut, and Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram.