The correct option is It is an older industry with established centres..
Explanation
Industries are often classified based on their stage of development and growth potential. Emerging sectors with high growth potential are termed "Sunrise Industries" (e.g., Information Technology, Wellness). In contrast, traditional sectors that have existed for a long time are referred to as older or mature industries.
Analysis of Options
- Availability of iron ore. is Incorrect: Iron ore is the primary raw material for the iron and steel industry. It has no direct correlation with the location or concentration of the textile industry, which depends on fibers (cotton, wool, silk, jute) and synthetic polymers.
- It is an emerging sunrise industry. is Incorrect: The term "Sunrise Industry" refers to emerging fields like Information Technology, Hospitality, and Knowledge services. The textile industry is not an emerging sector; it is one of the oldest manufacturing industries in the world.
- It is an older industry with established centres. is Correct: The textile industry is a traditional, labor-intensive sector. Countries like India, Hong Kong, and South Korea are major centers because this industry is an older industry with deep historical roots, established supply chains, and skilled labor pools developed over decades. Unlike new high-tech sectors, its concentration is often defined by historical establishment and the evolution of industrial bases in these regions.
- Lack of environmental regulations. is Incorrect: While environmental regulations influence industrial location, the primary reason for the concentration of the textile industry in these specific Asian economies is economic history, labor availability, and raw material access, rather than a lack of regulation.
Key Takeaway
The textile industry is distinct from "Sunrise Industries" (like IT) as it is an older, traditional industry. Its distribution is heavily influenced by historical centers of production, raw material availability, and labor, rather than just modern technological emergence.